钱程, 李新娥, 赵欣, 刘大林, 王琳. 添加硅缓解植物非生物和生物胁迫的生理生态机制[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(11): 1762−1773. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220112
引用本文: 钱程, 李新娥, 赵欣, 刘大林, 王琳. 添加硅缓解植物非生物和生物胁迫的生理生态机制[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(11): 1762−1773. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220112
QIAN C, LI X E, ZHAO X, LIU D L, WANG L. Eco-physiological mechanisms of silicon in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stresses in plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(11): 1762−1773. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220112
Citation: QIAN C, LI X E, ZHAO X, LIU D L, WANG L. Eco-physiological mechanisms of silicon in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stresses in plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(11): 1762−1773. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220112

添加硅缓解植物非生物和生物胁迫的生理生态机制

Eco-physiological mechanisms of silicon in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stresses in plants

  • 摘要: 由于全球气候变化和人类活动, 农业生产中各种非生物和生物胁迫不断增多, 严重威胁农作物产量和粮食安全。近年来, 硅对植物抗逆性的促进作用逐渐受到重视, 且硅肥具有生态相容和环境友好的特性, 具有广阔的应用前景。因此, 系统梳理硅对各种非生物与生物胁迫的缓解作用机制, 对提高农作物生产力以及改善农业生态系统具有重要指导意义。本文首先介绍了植物对硅的吸收与沉积, 以及硅通过影响植物碳基物质合成与代谢对植物产生的有益作用; 然后, 对硅缓解植物渗透胁迫、重金属离子胁迫、营养胁迫、极端温度胁迫、紫外线胁迫以及生物胁迫作用的生理生态机理进行综述。硅提高植物抗逆性的共同机制包括活性氧清除能力的提高、光合作用能力的提高以及碳硅替代降低了植物生长成本, 但除此之外, 硅对不同胁迫的缓解机制还具有特异性。之前的研究主要集中在硅的缓解作用的生理生态机制, 以及对喜硅的禾本科植物的研究, 且较少关注施硅后对环境的影响。最后对硅改善植物生长的分子机制、对促进豆科作物与根瘤共生关系及对农业生态系统碳汇的影响进行了展望, 以期对未来的研究提供参考与借鉴。

     

    Abstract: Owing to global climate change and human activity, abiotic and biotic stresses occur frequently, threatening crop yield and food safety. Reducing the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial for improving agricultural productivity. Silicon fertilizers are ecologically compatible and environmentally friendly. Silicon has been proven to alleviate plant stress under various conditions, indicating considerable application prospects. Systematic examination of the mitigation mechanisms of silicon on various abiotic and biotic stresses can provide guidance for future practice and research. In this review, we first introduced the absorption and deposition of silicon within plant organs, and the effect of silicon on the synthesis and metabolism of carbon-based substances (“Silicon-Carbon Trade-off Hypothesis”), and then summarized the eco-physiological alleviation mechanisms of abiotic stresses including osmotic stress, nutrient deficiency stress, heavy metal stress, extreme temperature, ultraviolet stress, and biotic stress. We concluded that the common mechanisms of silicon to improve plant stress resistance included improvement of anti-oxidation activities, enhancement of photosynthetic ability, and carbon-silicon trade-off; however, the mechanisms differed under different stresses. Furthermore, previous studies had mainly focused on the eco-physiological mechanisms of the effects of silicon, particularly on grass families such as rice, and the effects of silicon on carbon cycling in agricultural ecosystems had been largely ignored. Therefore, this paper concluded with an outlook on further studies on the molecular mechanisms of silicon, modifications of legume-rhizobia relationships, and significance of phytolith carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. We aimed to provide help and references for broader and deeper investigations of silicon.

     

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