王真, 孙军, 杜娅丹, 孙丹, 甘海成, 牛文全. 覆盖措施对土壤碳氮及夏玉米产量和水氮利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 913−923. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210574
引用本文: 王真, 孙军, 杜娅丹, 孙丹, 甘海成, 牛文全. 覆盖措施对土壤碳氮及夏玉米产量和水氮利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 913−923. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210574
WANG Z, SUN J, DU Y D, SUN D, GAN H C, NIU W Q. Effects of mulching practices on soil carbon, nitrogen contents, and grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of summer maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 913−923. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210574
Citation: WANG Z, SUN J, DU Y D, SUN D, GAN H C, NIU W Q. Effects of mulching practices on soil carbon, nitrogen contents, and grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of summer maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 913−923. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210574

覆盖措施对土壤碳氮及夏玉米产量和水氮利用的影响

Effects of mulching practices on soil carbon, nitrogen contents, and grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of summer maize

  • 摘要: 垄作覆膜和秸秆覆盖有利于提高作物产量和降雨利用效率, 但覆盖对土壤碳、氮变化的影响仍不清楚。本文设置2年田间试验, 共3种处理: 垄作覆膜(RFM)、平作覆盖秸秆(SM)和平作不覆盖(NM), 研究覆盖措施对土壤碳、氮及夏玉米产量和水、氮利用效率的影响。结果表明: 与NM相比, RFM处理的5 cm 和10 cm 土壤温度分别显著提高0.5~1.0 ℃和0.2~0.7 ℃ (P<0.05), 加速了土壤有机碳分解, 显著减少土壤有机碳含量4.2% (P<0.05), 增强土壤呼吸速率33.2% (P<0.05); 而SM处理5 cm和10 cm土壤温度分别显著降低0.2~1.5 ℃和0.5~1.0 ℃ (P<0.05), 土壤有机碳含量增加21.3% (P<0.05), 土壤呼吸速率降低44.0% (P<0.05)。RFM处理中垄沟的土壤硝态氮含量大幅度降低(P<0.05), 而SM处理增加了0~80 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量(P<0.05), 减少了深层土壤硝态氮含量; SM和RFM最高分别增加土壤含水率23.8%和15.2% (P<0.05)、玉米氮素吸收增加37.6%和11.3% (P<0.05)。SM和RFM的地上部干物质积累、氮素收获指数以及作物耗水量均提高, 夏玉米产量分别提高16.8%和9.2% (P<0.05)、水分利用效率分别提高13.0%和9.1% (P<0.05)。覆盖秸秆通过增加土壤水分、有机碳含量和氮的有效性, 提高了夏玉米产量和水以及氮吸收利用效率, 是适合半干旱黄土高原雨养农业的有效覆盖方法。

     

    Abstract: Ridge furrows with plastic film mulching (RFM) and straw mulching (SM) are beneficial for improving grain yield and rainwater use efficiency; however, it is not clear whether they can affect the changes in soil carbon and nitrogen under continuous RFM and SM in the Loess Plateau of China. A 2-year field experiment (2019–2020) was established with three treatments, namely, RFM, SM, and no mulching (NM), to study the effects of RFM and SM on soil water and heat conditions, soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen contents, soil respiration rate, as well as summer maize nitrogen uptake, aboveground dry matter accumulation, evapotranspiration, soil water and nitrogen use efficiencies, and grain yield. Finally, a mulching method suitable for rainfed agriculture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau was proposed to provide a scientific basis for summer maize planting and environmental protection in this area. The results showed that compared with NM, RFM significantly increased the soil temperature by 0.5–1.0 °C at 5 cm soil depth and by 0.2–0.7 °C at 10 cm soil depth (P<0.05), accelerated the decomposition of soil organic carbon, significantly decreased the soil organic carbon content by 4.2%, and significantly enhanced the soil respiration rate by 33.2% (P<0.05). SM significantly decreased the soil temperature by 0.2–1.5 °C at 5 cm soil depth and by 0.5–1.0 °C at 10 cm soil depth (P<0.05), increased the soil organic carbon content by 21.3% (P<0.05), and decreased the soil respiration rate by 44.0% (P<0.05). Compared with NM, RFM significantly decreased the soil nitrate nitrogen content in the furrow (P<0.05). SM significantly increased the soil nitrate nitrogen content at 0–80 cm depth (P<0.05), but significantly reduced the nitrate nitrogen content in the deeper soil (P<0.05). The results showed that SM significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen content of the soil surface, promoted the supply of nitrogen, and reduced the residual nitrate nitrogen content as well as the leaching loss. SM and RFM significantly increased the soil water content by 23.8% and 15.2% (P<0.05), respectively; increased the plant nitrogen uptake by 37.6% and 11.3% (P<0.05), respectively; transferred more nitrogen to the grains; significantly increased the grain nitrogen uptake, nitrogen harvest index, and grain dry weight (P<0.05); increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation (P<0.05); significantly improved the grain yield of summer maize by 16.8% and 9.2% (P<0.05), respectively; and increased the water use efficiency by 13.0% and 9.1% (P<0.05), respectively. Mulching practices (RFM and SM) can increase the soil water content, plant nitrogen uptake, and grain yield. However, compared with RFM, SM was more effective in conserving soil water, increasing production, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. SM could increase the summer maize nitrogen uptake and utilization as well as grain yield of summer maize by improving the soil moisture content, soil organic carbon content, and soil nitrogen availability. Therefore, SM is an effective mulching method for rainfed agriculture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China.

     

/

返回文章
返回