Abstract: Genetic diversity and differentiation in 4 kinds of economic abalones were investigated using the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Low level of genetic diversity in 4 kinds of economic abalones was found：Mean number of alleles per locus，percentage of polymorphic loci，observed heterozygosities and expected heterozygosities were 1.2，16.67，0.109 and 0.061 in Haliotis discus discusr espectively；1.10，11.11，0.093 and 0.056 in H.discus hannairespectively；1.44，33.33，0.106 and 0.118 in H.diversicolor diversicolor respectively；1.50，33.33，0.135 and 0.128 in H.diversicolor supertexta respectively.The genetypic distribution at Mdh-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），and there were heterozygote excess in Est-3（F=-0.753）and Sod-1（F=-1.000）in H.discus discus.The genetypic distribution at Est-3 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），there were heterozygote excess in Est-3（F=-0.371）and Sod-1（F=-1.000）in H.discus hannai.The genetypic distribution at Est-3，Mdh-1 and Amy-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），there were heterozygote deficiency in Est-2（F=0.597），Amy-1（F=0.330）and Me-1（F=1.000），and heterozygote excess in Aat-1（F=-0.486）and Mdh-1（F-0.210）in H.diversicolor diversicolor.The genetypic distribution at Est-3，Sdh-2，Amy-1 and Mdh-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P=0.05），there were heterozygote deficiency in Est-2（F=0.540），and heterozygote excess in Aat-1（F=-0.477）and Amy-1（F=-0.149）in H.diversicolor supertexta.The results showed that genetic distance was 0.0550 between H.discus discus and H.discus hannai；and that was 0.016 between H.diversicolor diversicolor and H.diversicolor supertexta.