周宝元, 陈传永, 孙雪芳, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 马玮, 王新兵, 赵明. 冬小麦-夏玉米双机收籽粒模式周年资源利用效率及经济效益[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(12): 1959−1972. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220279
引用本文: 周宝元, 陈传永, 孙雪芳, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 马玮, 王新兵, 赵明. 冬小麦-夏玉米双机收籽粒模式周年资源利用效率及经济效益[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(12): 1959−1972. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220279
ZHOU B Y, CHEN C Y, SUN X F, GE J Z, DING Z S, MA W, WANG X B, ZHAO M. Resource use efficiencies and economic benefits of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system with double mechanical grain harvest[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(12): 1959−1972. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220279
Citation: ZHOU B Y, CHEN C Y, SUN X F, GE J Z, DING Z S, MA W, WANG X B, ZHAO M. Resource use efficiencies and economic benefits of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system with double mechanical grain harvest[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(12): 1959−1972. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220279

冬小麦-夏玉米双机收籽粒模式周年资源利用效率及经济效益

Resource use efficiencies and economic benefits of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system with double mechanical grain harvest

  • 摘要: 在保证周年产量不降低的前提下, 探索同时实现冬小麦与夏玉米机械直接收获籽粒(简称“双粒收”)以及冬小麦节水的种植模式, 对提高黄淮海区冬小麦-夏玉米两熟种植模式经济效益和生态效益意义重大。本研究于2018—2020年在山东胶州、河北大名和河南新乡开展田间试验, 设置传统冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟种植模式(CK)和实现双季籽粒机收的冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟种植模式(TR), 研究其周年产量、气候资源利用效率及经济效益。结果表明, TR模式通过小麦极晚播(11月中旬)和玉米极晚收(11月上旬)对周年气候资源进行再分配, 从而导致作物产量变化。与CK比, TR处理冬小麦由于其生物量、穗数和千粒重显著降低导致平均减产9.2%; 但夏玉米中晚熟品种由于其粒重和收获指数显著提高而平均增产8.1%, 且收获时籽粒含水量为14.1%~16.8%。另外, TR处理冬小麦季耗水量和周年总耗水量分别比CK减少15.3%和6.0%, 水分生产效率分别提高15.2%和8.4%; 冬小麦季产值和经济效益显著降低, 但夏玉米季产值和经济效益分别提高8.7%和16.2%, 周年经济效益增加5.6%。极晚播冬小麦+极晚收中晚熟夏玉米双机收籽粒模式的建立, 可同时实现冬小麦节水和夏玉米籽粒低水分机械收获, 同时保证了较高周年产量和经济效益, 为黄淮海区冬小麦-夏玉米两熟模式全程机械化水平提升和水资源可持续利用提供了思路。

     

    Abstract: The evaluation of the mechanical grain harvest of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system and water-saving planting pattern of winter wheat without reduction in annual grain yield is an important way to improve the economic and ecological benefits of winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. In this study, field experiments with the traditional winter wheat-summer maize cropping system (CK) and mechanically grain-harvested winter wheat-summer maize cropping systems (TR) were conducted at Jiaozhou of Shandong Province, Daming of Hebei Province, and Xinxiang of Henan Province from 2018 to 2020 to determine their annual yield, climate resource allocation and utilization, and economic benefits. The results showed that annual climate resources were redistributed through extremely late sowing (Mid November) of winter wheat and extremely late harvesting (Early November) of summer maize for TR, which affects the grain yield of wheat and maize. Compared with CK, TR decreased the grain yield of winter wheat by 9.2% across years and experimental sites owing to the reduction in biomass, spike number, and 1000-kernel weight. However, the yield of mid-late-maturing summer maize varieties in TR increased by 8.1% across years and experimental sites compared with that in CK, and the increase in kernel weight contributed to the yield increase in maize in TR. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the total biomass of summer maize between CK and TR, but the harvest index of summer maize in TR was higher than that in CK. Therefore, no significant difference in annual grain yield was found between TR and CK. The grain water content of summer maize at harvest for TR was between 14.1% and 16.8% and was significantly lower than that for CK. In addition, compared with CK, TR reduced water consumption during the winter wheat season and annual by 15.3% and 6.0% across years and experimental sites, respectively; but increased their WUE by 15.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Although the output and economic benefits of winter wheat under TR treatment reduced, the output and economic benefits of summer maize increased by 8.7% and 16.2% across years and experimental sites, respectively. As a result, the annual economic benefit of TR increased by 5.6% across years and experimental sites compared to that of CK. The results indicated that the establishment of doubl mechanical grain harvest of combined the extremely late sowing of winter wheat and extremely late harvesting of summer maize with mid-late maturity could help to achieve water-saving for winter wheat and mechanical grain harvesting of summer maize, ensuring a higher annual grain yield and economic benefit. This study provides ideas for improving the mechanization of winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system and the sustainable use of water resources.

     

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