段里成, 郭瑞鸽, 蔡哲, 林志坚, 吴自明, 方圣, 张崇华, 刘丹. 南方九省再生稻安全生长期及高温热害时空变化[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(12): 2061−2073. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210244
引用本文: 段里成, 郭瑞鸽, 蔡哲, 林志坚, 吴自明, 方圣, 张崇华, 刘丹. 南方九省再生稻安全生长期及高温热害时空变化[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(12): 2061−2073. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210244
DUAN L C, GUO R G, CAI Z, LIN Z J, WU Z M, FANG S, ZHANG C H, LIU D. Spatiotemporal changes in the characteristics of the safe growth period and high temperature damage of ratoon rice in nine southern provinces of South China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(12): 2061−2073. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210244
Citation: DUAN L C, GUO R G, CAI Z, LIN Z J, WU Z M, FANG S, ZHANG C H, LIU D. Spatiotemporal changes in the characteristics of the safe growth period and high temperature damage of ratoon rice in nine southern provinces of South China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(12): 2061−2073. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20210244

南方九省再生稻安全生长期及高温热害时空变化

Spatiotemporal changes in the characteristics of the safe growth period and high temperature damage of ratoon rice in nine southern provinces of South China

  • 摘要: 本研究目的在于明确再生稻主要种植省份(南方九省, 包括四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建)再生稻安全播种日期、安全播种日期至安全齐穗日期持续天数(简称安全生长期)和高温热害时空变化特征, 为南方九省再生稻充分利用温光资源和安全生产提供理论参考。根据南方九省601个气象台站1981—2019年的日平均气温资料, 利用气候倾向率及突变分析等方法, 分析近39年研究区再生稻安全播种日期、安全生长期及高温热害的演变规律。结果表明, 1981—2019年九省再生稻安全播种日期以3.3 d∙(10a)−1提早, 安全齐穗日期以1.5 d∙(10a)−1推迟, 安全生长期以4.8 d∙(10a)−1延长。其中安全播种日期突变发生在2001年, 突变后较突变前提早9 d; 安全生长期突变发生在1996年, 突变后较突变前延长12 d。九省安全播种日期提早天数南部较北部明显, 安全生长期延长天数东南部较西北部明显。6—7月和8—9月高温热害呈增加的趋势, 其中轻、中、重度增加趋势6—7月分别为48.5站次∙(10a)−1、30.3站次∙(10a)−1、37.4站次∙(10a)−1, 8—9月分别为52.7站次∙(10a)−1、18.2站次∙(10a)−1和34.6站次∙(10a)−1。6—7月高温热害较8—9月偏重发生, 年平均轻、中、重度高温热害发生站次6—7月较8—9月多83.9站次、41.6站次和115.9站次。6—7月和8—9月轻、中和重度高温热害突变发生年份分别为1998年、1988年、1986年和1992年、2002年、2002年, 突变后高温热害明显增加。高温热害发生站次6—7月和8—9月均表现为轻度>重度>中度。气候变暖背景下南方九省再生稻安全播种日期提前和安全生长期延长对提高温光资源利用和产量有利, 但高温热害增多不利于再生稻优质高产。

     

    Abstract: In the context of global warming and with increasing cultivated area of ratoon rice, precise control of ratoon rice sowing is of particular importance to ensure safe maturation and for utilizing the optimal temperature and light resources, stabilizing the production of ratoon rice, and ensuring food security. This study aimed to clarify recent spatiotemporal changes in terms of safe sowing date, duration from safe sowing date to safe full heading date (i.e., safe growth period), and high-temperature damage, and provide insights into novel strategies to utilize optimal temperature and light resources, and ensure safe production under the pressure of global warming. After collecting daily average temperature data in the past 39 years (1981–2019) from 601 weather stations in nine southern provinces of China (namely Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian), we examined the changes in safe sowing date and safe growth period, as well as high-temperature damage of ratoon rice in these provinces by using methods of climate change trends calculation and abrupt changes analysis. The results showed that the safe sowing date had advanced 3.3 d·(10a)−1, the safe full heading date was delayed by 1.5 d∙(10a)−1, and the safe growth period had extended by 4.8 d∙(10a)−1. The abrupt shift in the safe sowing date occurred in 2001, after then this date occurred 9 days earlier. The greatest change in the safe growth period occurred in 1996, after then this period was 12 days longer than before. The safe sowing date occurred earlier in the south part than in the north part, and the safe growth period was longer in the southeast than in the northwest. High-temperature damage in June to July and August to September tended to increase. Mild, moderate, and severe damage increased by 48.5 times∙(10a)−1, 30.3 times∙(10a)−1, and 37.4 times∙(10a)−1, respectively, in June to July; and by 52.7 times∙(10a)−1, 18.2 times∙(10a)−1, and 34.6 times∙(10a)−1, respectively, in August to September. Moreover, high-temperature damage in June to July was more serious than that in August to September. The annual average numbers of mild, moderate, and severe high-temperature damage in June to July were 83.9, 41.6, and 115.9 times more than those in August to September. The years characterized by abrupt changes in mild, moderate, and severe high-temperature damage were 1998, 1988, and 1986 in June to July, and 1992, 2002, and 2002 in August to September, respectively. In all cases, high-temperature damage increased significantly after the abrupt change years and their occurrence followed the order of mild > severe > moderate in both June to July, and August to September. In conclusion, the advancement of the safe sowing date and the extension of the safe growing period of ratoon rice were advantageous as they benefited full use of temperature and light resources and yield increasing of ratoon rice in nine provinces of South China. However, concurrent increases in high-temperature damage impeded the high yields of high-quality ratoon rice.

     

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