我国农业/农村生态景观管护对策探讨*

Countermeasures of landscape and ecological stewardshipin agricultural/rural area of China

  • 摘要: 农业/农村生态环境综合整治已成为我国目前农业/农村可持续发展的重要任务。农业/农村生态景观建设和管护是生态环境管护的重要内容, 也是休闲农业发展、乡村经济发展和文化复兴的基础。本文通过对比分析国内外农业/农村生态环境管护内容、制度以及研究实践, 在农业/农村生态环境管护内容下, 从生态景观角度, 重点讨论了我国农业/农村生态景观管护在认识、工程技术和制度上存在的主要问题: 对未来农业/农村的多功能性认识和研究有待提高、生态景观化工程技术有待开发、工程技术精细化和集成化有待提高、农业/农业生态景观管护制度有待完善。在此基础上, 文章还提出了我国生态景观管护对策, 包括: (1)拓宽和提升我国农业/农村的多功能性, 如恢复农业景观生态服务功能、保护农业景观生物多样性、加强灾害适宜性管理及提高水土安全、加强乡村生态景观建设和促进休闲农业和乡村旅游发展等; (2)加强以农户或村集体为主体的管护制度建设; (3)加强部门协同机制和技术集成研究和示范。目前亟需提高公众和管理者对农业/农村生态景观管护的认识, 培育良好的管护能力, 开展农业/农村生态环境和景观管护工程技术研发、技术集成示范以及适合我国国情的管护制度研究探索。

     

    Abstract: Integrated measurement of agricultural and rural eco-environments management is critical for sustainable rural development. Ecological and landscape restorations are also key elements of rural environmental stewardship for agro-tourism, rural economic and cultural revival activities. Based on comparative reviews of European and American rural environmental stewardship policies and measures, this paper discussed problems of ecological and landscape restorations and enhancement in China's agricultural and rural environmental stewardships. The identified problems in China included weak cognitive and research of multi-functions of agriculture and rural environments. Also improvements were needed in engineering technology of ecological landscapes and finding integrative strategies. Furthermore, agriculture and rural ecological landscape stewardships needed to be strengthened. The paper suggested several countermeasures for strengthening rural landscape and ecological restorations of China's rural environmental stewardship. Such countermeasures included: (1) promoting and enhancing agricultural/rural multi-functions such as restoration of ecological service of agro-landscapes, agro-landscape biodiversity protection, enforced management of disaster adaptability and soil-water safety, construction of rural landscape and development of agro-tourism; (2) strengthening farmer participation in rural environmental stewardship; and (3) improving cooperation of different sectors and development of integrated engineering techniques for farmers. Farmer subsidy policies for improvement of rural environmental stewardships needed in-depth studies before adoption.

     

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