Abstract: Because climate change has significantly influenced agriculture and the ecosystem, the response of agriculture and ecological environment to climate change in Northeast China were discussed in this paper. The paper also summarized adaptation mechanisms of agriculture and ecological environment to climate change. Adjustment of agricultural structure, adoption of water-saving agro-technology and conservative tillage practices, conservation of water and soil and construction of eco-economic forests were among the identified adaptation mechanisms. The potential future impacts of climate change were analyzed and related agricultural and ecological adaptation modes advanced. Such future adaptation modes included adjustments of agricultural structures and cropping systems, breeding of stress-resistant varieties, optimization of agricultural management, reinforcement of water resources management and eco-construction, development of eco-economy, and improvement of monitoring systems.