Abstract: At present, more and more people in China are concerned with mollisols with the need of food safety and agricultural sustainability. The studies concerning Chinese mollisols has become a hot topic. Moreover, soil organic matter (carbon) of Chinese mollisols is the hottest issue for scholars. Therefore, this paper described mollisols distribution, reclamation history, organic carbon evolution and specific contribution to agriculture in China; systematically analyzed study methodologies of farmland soil organic carbon. The significance of researches on evolution and prediction of soil organic carbon for Chinese mollisols was discussed. Finally, future studies on soil organic matter (carbon) in mollisols were suggested. The review showed that future research should be focused on change and management of soil organic carbon in mollisols farmland to establish theory and method of protection and utilization of soil organic carbon, such as fertility control technology, evaluation method and prediction model.