Abstract: Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) levels are critical for agricultural sustainability, meanwhile, it could mitigate global climate warming due to the greenhouse effects. Soil aggregates are the main soil components and significantly influence soil physical and chemical characteristics. As soil aggregates hold in SOC and SOC forms the cementing substance of soil aggregates, the two are inseparable. Based on research on the various aspects of soil aggregate and SOC, this paper summarized the main factors affecting carbon sequestration in soil aggregates, the physical protection mechanisms of sequestrated carbon in soil aggregates, and current research methods widely adopted in soil organic carbon and soil aggregates studies, which would provide support for future studies.