Abstract: In order to guide the regional division of peanut production in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and efficiently utilize the agricultural resources, and provide the theoretical basis for improving peanut quality, the characteristics of production and quality of peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai region were studied based on GIS technology and mathematical statistics. The results show that peanut cultivation technology is advanced in the region producing higher unit yield. Peanut export is developed and processing industry is forming. Therefore, the region occupies a decisive position in peanut production in China, as an important pillar for stabilizing vegetable oil market. Influenced by ecological conditions, the mainly planted cultivar type in the region is virginia type, whose protein content is medium for edible cultivars, and fat content is higher for oil cultivars, with relatively low oleic acid/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio. Overproof contents of aflatoxin, daminozide and heavy metals in peanut are the main obstacles of peanut export in the region. The spatial distribution of protein content characterizes higher in the east, south and hilly area, lower in the west, north, and plain area. The fat content is higher in the north and hilly area, lower in the south and plain area, while O/L ratio presents increasing tendency from west to east and from north to south. The climate and soil fertility of the region are the domination factors affecting peanut fat and protein contents, and O/L value ratio and their spatial distribution of the peanut.