Abstract: The term ‘biomass’ has been frequently used in recent years. Borrowing from ecology, it refers to bio-energy and bio-based materials which can significantly substitute for fossil fuel and reduce GHG (green house gases) emission. China’s agriculture is a major consumer of fossil fuel and releaser of GHG. It may contribute to the less energy consumption and GHG emission in the nation. Agriculture is a unique industry that produces biomass—a renewable feedstuff of bioenergy. In the transition period from conventional high-carbon economy to low-carbon economy, bioenergy plays an important role in enriching China’s eco-agriculture.