Abstract: Peanut, rich in plant oil, protein, and natural health-care elements, is a kind of food enjoyed by a wide range of consumers. An increasingly close attention is being paid to its safety status due to pollutions of aflatoxin, heavy metal, growth regulator, pesticide, and other agricultural chemical pollutants. This paper analyzes the safety status, conditions of production of peanut in Hunan Province and demonstrates the main pollution phenomena of peanut. Combined with overall strategic arrangement of the production distribution and adaptation of cultivar structure, techniques for high yield, fine quality and green cultivation are put forward. Strategies like wholecoursed, ecological and highly efficient management measures should be implemented in peanut production to ensure food safety and people's health.