Abstract: Currently, implementing the development strategy of Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting green, high-quality and sustainable development of Yangtze River Economic Belt is one of China's regional coordinated development strategy. The rice field farming systems is an important part of the whole agricultural farming systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Realizing the green development of rice field farming systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is of great significance for maintaining food security, food safety and ecological security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and even the whole country. The rice field farming systems have remarkable characteristics such as ancient origin, diversity of patterns, complex structure, the efficiency of function and the international influence. At present, the development of rice field farming systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are faced with outstanding problems and challenges such as reduction of maturity, excessive investment, waste of resources, weakening of land, weak foundation and decreased efficiency. In order to realize green development of rice field farming systems, the following countermeasures and measures should be taken on the premise of following the principle of "common protection, no large scale development", "ecological priority and green development":1) Green coverage, "all year round, seasonal green" rice fields; 2) Green fertilizer, make full use of green manure, farm fertilizer, biogas, marsh residue, as well as bio-fertilizer, special fertilizer and other fertilizer soil, improve the soil fertility of rice fields; 3) Green prevention and control, the application of agricultural control technology (such as the implementation of crop rotation), biological control technology, ecological control technology and physical and chemical booby-trapped technology to prevent and control rice plant diseases, insects, grasses, rats, and birds; 4) Green repair, restoration of "degraded rice fields" and "polluted soil" by means of rotational fallow, deep-till deep pine, conservation farming, straw return to the fields, increased application of organic fertilizer, application of repair agents, planting of green manure and restoration of plants; 5) Green utilization, including three-dimensional utilization, comprehensive utilization and recycling of agricultural resources and wastes in paddy fields; 6) Green products, construct paddy fields of Yangtze River economy to become production base with pollution-free, green and organic agricultural products.